Obesity

Abnormal increase in the body weight due to excessive fat deposition. Obesity is an abnormal growth of the adipose tissue due to an enlargement of fat cell size or an increase in fat cell number or a combination of both. It is an abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells characterized predominantly by adipocyte hypertrophy. Overeating coupled with lack of physical exercise contribute to obesity.

Causes

Overeating and other factors. Factors that predispose a person to get
excessive weight gain are:

• Eating patterns
• Eating environment
• Food packaging
• Food availability
• Body image physical inactivity
• Basal body temperature
• Dietary thermogenesis

TYPES OF OBESITY

ANDROID- bodies extra fat gets deposited over the abdominal region and
gives body an apple shaped appearance.
GYNECOID- Obesity deposits of fat around hips and thighs and gives the body
pear shaped appearance.

DIAGNOSIS OF OBESITY

• history collection
• physical examination full medical assessment
• measurements of obesity like BMI
• laboratory investigations
• fasting lipid profile
• liver function test
• thyroid function test
• Fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

Medical complications of obesity

• sleep apnea
• Stroke
• Lung disease
– Asthma
– Pulmonary blood clots
• Heart disease
– Abnormal lipid profile
– high blood pressure
– heart attack
• Diabetes
• Pancreatitis
• Liver diseases
– fatty livers
– cirrhosis
– Gall stones
• Women
– Abnormal periods
– Infertility
– PCOD
• Menstrual
– Prostate cancer
– Infertility
– Erectile dysfunction
• Cancer
– Breast
– Uterus
– Colon
– Oesophagus
– Pancreas
– Kidney
– Prostate
• Arthritis and Gout
• Inflamed veins , often with blood clots
• Nutritional
– Vitamin D deficiency
– Other vitamins and minerals deficiencies.

Prevention

How to prevent obesity

• get at least 30 minutes of exercise daily
• cut out sugar and junk food from your diet
• eat fruits that are in season
• eat more raw salads and cooked vegetables
• drink plenty of water
• avoid stress